Monday, February 11, 2008

LATIN ROOTS

ROOT

MEANING

EXAMPLES

ac, acr

sour, sharp

acute, acrid, acumen, acrimonious

aero

air

aerodynamics, aerodyne, aerosol

ag, act

do, drive, move, impel

agile, agent, act, agenda, reaction

agr

field

agriculture, agrarian, agronomy

alb

white

albino, albinism, albedo

ali

other

alien, alibi, alias

alt

high

altitude, altimeter, alto

alter

other, change

alter, alternate, alternant

ambul

walk

ambulatory, ambulant

amic, am

love, friend

amity, amatory, amicable

ampli

large

ampliation, ample, amplification

anim

mind, soul, spirit

animate, animosity, magnanimity

ani, enni

year

annals, anniversary, perennial

apt, ept

adjust, fit

adapt, aptitude, inept

api

bee

apiary, apian, apiarist

aqu

water

aquatic, aquarium, aqueduct

arm

arm, weapon

army, disarming, armory, armament

art

skill, craft, art

artisan, artful, artificial

aud, audit

hear

audible, audience, auditorium

aug

increase

augment, augmentative

aur

gold

aureate, aureole, auriferious

avi

bird

aviary, aviatrix, aviculture

bel, bell

war

bellicose, belligerent, rebel

bene, ben

well, good

benefit, benefactor, benediction

brev

short, brief

brevity, abbreviate, abridge

bull

boil

ebullient, ebullition

cand

white, glowing

incandescent, candle, candent

cant

sing

cantation, cantata, cantilate

cap, capt, cept, cip

take

capable, capacity, captious, reception, anticipate

capit

head

capital, decapitate, per capita

carn

meat, flesh

incarnate, carnal, carnivorous

ced, ceed, cess

move, yield, go

recede, proceed, concession

cent

hundred

century, centennial, centipede

cern, cert

perceive, separate, decide

discern, ascertain, certify

cid, dis

cut, kill

incision, homocide, fratricide

cit

summon, impel

excite, citation, incite

civ

citizen, city

civilian, civic, civilize, civility

clam, claim

shout, cry

clamor, proclaim, exclamation

clar

clear

clarify, clarity, clarinet, declare

clin

bend, lean

decline, declension, inclination

clud, clus, clau, clos

shut, close

conclude, closet, occlude, exclusion, claustrophobia

cogn

know, be acquainted

incognito, recognize, cognizant

commun

common

community, communion, communication

copi, op

abundance, wealth

copious, opulent

cord

heart

cordial, discord, accord, concord

corn

horn, point

cornucopia, cornea, corniculate

corp

body

corpuscle, corporation, corpulent

cred

belief, trust

credible, credulous, credit

cresc, cret

rise, grow

crescent, concrete, accretion

cruc

cross

crucifixion, crucifer, cruciform

culp

fault, blame

culpable, culprit, exculpate

cupr

copper

cupreous, cuprous, cupric

cur

care, care for

accurate, security, curator

cur, curr, curs

run, cours

curriculum, concur, recurrent

dec

ten

decimal, decimate, decennial

dent

tooth

dentist, denture, indent

dict

say, speak, word

diction, contradict, abdicate

digit

finger

digitate, digitigrade, digital

dign

worth, worthy

dignify, indignity, condign

doc, doct

teach, prove

docile, doctrine, indoctrinate

domin

master

dominate, domain, predominant

dorm

sleep

dormant, dormitory, dormer

du

two

duel, duet, duplicate

duc, duct

lead

adduce, seduce, abduct, education

dur

hard, lasting

durable, objurate, duration

ego

I, self

egotist, egoist, egocentric

equi, equ

equal

equality, equity, equinox

err

wander

errata, erratic, aberration

ev

time, age

medieval, longevity, primeval

fabul

story

fable, fabulous, fabliau

fac, fact, fec, fic

do, make, put

facile, facsimile, calefacient, defect, efficacious, factotem

fer

bear, yield, carry

confer, defer, offer, fertile

ferv

boil, bubble

fervor, perfervid, effervescent

fid

belief, faith

fidelity, perfidious, infidel

fin

end, limit

final, infinite, definitive

firm

strong, steadfast

confirm, firmament, infirmary, affirm

flor

flower

floral, florid, florescence, flourish

flext, flex

bend, twist

flexible, circumflex, genuflect

flu, fluct

flow

influence, flux, superfluous

foli

leaf

foliate, foliage, foliaceous

form

form, shape

conform, uniform, reformation

fort

strong

fortify, fortitude, effort, force

frag, fract

break

fragile, fragment, fraction, refract

frat

brother

fraternity, fraternize, fratricide

fund, fus

pour, melt

transfuse, suffuse, refund, foundry

gest, ger

carry, produce

gestation, gesture, ingest, gerund

grad, gress

take steps, step, go, walk

digress, gradient, aggression, egress, degrade, ingredient

grat

please, favor, thankful

gratitude, gratuity, congratulate

grav

weigh, heavy

gravity, gravitation, aggravate

grex, greg

flock, herd

congregate, gregarious, egregious

her, hes

cling, stick

adhere, coherence, adhesion

herb

grass

herbivorous, herbalist, herbicide

horr

shudder at

horrendous, horror, abhorrent

hum

be moist

humidify, humidity, humidor

ig

fire

igneous, ignite, ignescent

irid, irido

rainbow, iris of eye

irridescence, iridic, iridectomy

it

go, travel

exit, transit, circuit, itinerarv

jac, ject

throw, hurl, cast

ejaculate, eject, rejection

jud

judge

judicious, adjudicate, prejudice

junct

join

juncture, disjunctive, adjunct

jur

swear

conjure, abjure, perjury

labor

work

laboratory, elaborate, laborious

lact

milk

lactescent, lactiferous, lacteal

langu

feel weak

languor, languish, languid

latus

wide, side

latitudinarian, equilateral, latitude

laud

praise

laudable, applaud, laudation

leg

law

legislate, illegal, illegitimate

leg, lig, lect

gather, choose, read

legible, eligible, lectern, college

lev, leger

light, rise

levitation, elevate, levity

lingu

tongue, language

linguist, lingulate, bilingual

liter

letter

literal, alliterate, illiterate

loc

place

locus, locale, allocate, location

locu, loqu

talk, speech

colloquial, obloquy, location

luc

light

transluscent, lucid, elucidate

luna

moon

lunar, paralun, lunate, lunatic

magn

great, large

magnitude, magnanimous, magnate

mal

bad

malady, malevolent, malediction

man, manu

hand

manacle, manicure, manual

mar

sea

marine, maritime, submarine

mater, matr

mother

maternity, matricide, matriarchy

medi

middle

mediocre, mediate, medieval

memor

memory

memorial, remember, memorable

merg, mers

dip, plunge

submerge, emergent, immersion

meso

middle

mesomorph, mesosphere, mesozoic

migr

depart

migratory, immigration, emigrant

min

less, little

minus, minimize, minority

mit, miss

send

admit, omit, missile, emissary

mob, mo, mot, mov

move

mobile, remote, move, motor

mon, monit

warn

admonish, monitor, monish

monstr

show

demonstrate, remonstrate, monstrate

mont

mountain

mount, amount, dismount

mor, mort

die, death

moribund, mortuary, immortal

multi

many

multitude, multiple, multifarious

mur

wall

mural, immure

mut, mutat

change

immutable, transmute, mutation

natur

nature

natural, native, naturopathy

nav

ship, sail

naval, navigate, circumnavigate

neg

deny

negate, renege, negative

nomen, nomin

name

nomenclature, nominee, cognomen

nov

new

novelty, innovate, renovate

nox

harmful

noxious, obnoxious, noxiousness

num

marry

nubial, connubial, nuptials

ocul

eye

ocular, oculist, binocular

offic

duty

office, officious, officer

omni

all

omnipotent, omnivorous, omniscient

onus

load, burden

onus, onerous

ora

speak, pray

orate, oratorio, oracular

ord

order

disorder, ordinance, ordinary, ordain

orn

decorate

ornate, adorn, ornament

pac, pax

peace

pacify, Pax Romana, pacific

par

equal

par, disparity, disparate, separate

par

make ready, shield

prepare, repair, pare

pater, patr

father

paternal, patrimony, patristic

pecuni

money

percuniary, impecunious

ped

foot

pedal, centipede, quadruped

pel, puls

drive, urge

repel, compulsion, impulse

pend, pens

hand, weigh, pay

expensive, pension, suspend, pendant

pet

seek, ask, strive for

competitor, petulant, petition

petr

rock

petrified, petrography, petroglyph

pisci

fish

Pisces, piscary, pisciculture

plan

level

plane, explain, explanation

plen

full

plenty, plentitude, replenish

plic, pli, ply

fold, bend

duplicity, replica, imply

plumb

lead(metal)

plumbiferous, plumb, plumbeous

pomi

apple, fruit

pomander, pomade, pommel

pon, pos

place, put

postpone, proponent, deposit

port

carry

porter, export, portable, comportment

popul

people

popular, populous, population

pot

power

impotent, omnipotent, potentiality

prehend,prehens

seize

prehensile, apprehend, comprehension

press

press, force

press, pressure, oppress, expression

prim

first

primer, primitive, primeval

prob

good

probation, opprobrium, prove

propr

one's own, fitting

property, probity, proper

quir, quis

ask, seek

inquire, inquistion, requisition

quasi

somewhat, seemingly

quaisjudical, quasi, quasipublic

radi

ray

radiant, radial, irradiate

reg

straighten, rule

regiment, regal, interregnum, regicide

rid, ris

laugh

ridiculous, deride, derision

rog

ask

interrogate, rogation, derogative

rupt

break

rupture, abrupt, interrrupt

salv

safe

salvation, salvage, salvo

sanct

holy

sanction, sanctuary, sanctimonious

sang

blood

sanguine, consanguinity, sanguinary

sci

know

science, conscious, prescient

scrib, script

write

inscribe, transcribe, scriptures

sed, sid, sess, sej

sit, seat

sedentary, supersede, sejant, sessile, session, assiduous

seg, sect

cut

segment, sector, dissect

semin

seed

seminal, seminiferous, disseminate

sen

old

senior, senile, senescence, senate

sens, sent

feel

sensory, sensuous, sentimental, sentient

seq, secut, sue

follow

sequel, consequence, ensue, persecute

serv

keep, save, serve

conserve, preserve, service, servant

silv

forest

sylvan, silva, silviculture

simil

like

similar, similitude, assimilate

sist

stand

insist, persistence, desist

sol, soli

alone

solitude, solitaire, desolate

solid

compact

solid, consolidate, solder

solv, solu, solut

loosen, free

solvent, soluble, absolute

somni

sleep

somnambulate, somniferous, somnific

son

sound

unison, resonance, dissonance

spec, spic, spect

look, see

specimen, despicable, circumspect

spir

breathe

aspire, perspiration, spirit

sta

stand, firm

stable, establish, station, status

string, strict

bind tight

stringent, restrict, stricture

stru, struct

build

structure, construe, destruction

suad, suas

advise

persuade, dissuade, suasion

sud

sweat

sudorific, sudatorium, sudatory

sum, sumpt

take, spend, take

consumption, presume, assume

tang, ting, tig, tact

touch

tangible, tactile, contingent, contiguous, contact

tempor

time

contemporary, temporal, extemporaneous

teg, tect

cover

integument, protect, tegular

ten, tin, tent

hold

tenure, retentive, continence

tend, tens, tent

stretch

distend, tendency, pretense

tenu

thin

tenuous, attenuate, extenuate

terr, ter

land

terrestrial, subterranean, disinter

test

witness

testify, testimony, testament

torp

numb

torpid, torpor, torpedo

tort, tors

twist

distort, contortion, torsion

tract, tra

draw, pull, drag

traction, distract, train

trib

assign

attribute, distribute, contribute

trud, trus

thrust

intrusion, protrude, abstruse

turb

agitate

turbid, turbulence, disturbance

turg

swell

turgid, turgescent, turgor

umbr

shade

umbrella, adumbrate, penumbra

und

wave

undulant, inundate, abundant

uni

one

unity, uniform, unison

urb

city

urbanity, suburban, urbane

vac

empty

vacant, vacuous, evacuate

vad, vas

go

pervade, evasion, pervasive

ven, vent

come, go

intervene, convene, event, prevent

ver

true

verily, veracity, verisimilitude

verb

word

verbal, verbose, verbiage

verm

worm

vermicular, vermiculate

vert, vers

turn

aversion, inadvertent, convent

vest

dress

vesture, divest, vestment

vid, vis

see

visual, evident, supervisor

vinc, vict

conquer

convince, victor, invincible, evict

vit, viv

life, lively

vitality, vitamin, vivid

voc, vok

call

vocation, invoke, advocate

vol

wish

volition, volunteer, malevolent

volv, volu, volut

roll, turn

evolve, devolve, evolution, convolution

vulg

common

vulgar, vulgate, divulge

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